Learning Objectives By Lesson1-Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- Describe the purpose of identifying cardiovascular risk factors
- List and describe various prevention opportunities
- Identify four major risk factors of cardiovascular disease
- Identify targets we should aim for from a preventive standpoint for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus
- Understand how the interaction of risk factors influences the decision to treat
- Undersrand why the threshold for pharmacologic therapy must consider the risk and benefit of therapy
2-Hypertension
- Identify monogenic forms of hypertension
- Identify contributors to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension
- Describe the blood vessel adaptation and end-organ effects of essential hypertension
- Describe the stages of hypertension
- Idenitfy factors used to estimate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk
- Describe how the estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk can be used to help guide clinical decision making
- Describe the goals and treatment strategies for hypertension management
- Select specific antihypertensive agents based on associated comorbid conditions
- Differentiate resistant and refractory hypertension
3-Severe Hypertension
- Define the blood pressure cutoff for severe hypertension
- Differentiate between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency
- Identify determinants of mean arterial pressure
- Describe the physiologic response of blood vessels to increased perfusion pressure
- Identify risk factors for severe hypertension
- Describe the clinical evaluation and initial workup for severe hypertension
- Describe the goals of therapy for severe hypertension
- Identify agents to consider in the management of severe hypertension
- Describe the pathophysiology and presentation of hypertensive encephalopathy
- Describe the pathophysiology of and management approach to stroke in the setting of hypertension
4-Hyperlipidemia
- Identify secondary causes of hyperlipidemia
- Identify causes of increased LDL-C and triglycerides
- Describe why it is important to idenitfy and treat hyperlipidemia
- Describe when and how to estimate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk
- Describe the various intensity levels of statin therapy
- Identify low-, moderate-, and high-intensity statin therapies
- Identify primary prevention groups for hyperlipidemia and assign proper therapies for each group
- Identify and describe the role of risk enhancers in evaluating eligibility for statin therapy
- Describe the clinical indication of aspirin for primary prevention
Contributors: Nandan Anavekar, MBBCh; Mahmoud Ismayl, MD; Khalid Saeed Al-Asad, MD; Adnan Halboni, MD; Adolfo Martinez Salazar, MD; Anthony Kashou, MD
Last updated: January 2023.
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